What are red eyes?
Red eyes can be a sign of various conditions. While they may seem concerning, they are often caused by a small eye irritation or condition, such as conjunctivitis.
Why is my eye red? Causes of red eyes
A red eye occurs when the blood vessels on the surface of the eye, the conjunctiva, expand. If the redness consists of small spots, it’s likely due to an injury. If the entire front of the eye appears red, it could be caused by an infection, allergy, or fatigue.
If you have a red eye with no pain, the cause is most likely a minor eye issue, such as conjunctivitis or a burst blood vessel (also called subconjunctival hemorrhage). These conditions usually don’t affect your vision and often improve within a week or two. However, there are other causes of red eyes that may be more serious.
Common Causes of Red Eyes
- Iritis
Inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye. Symptoms may include a red eye, light sensitivity, blurry vision, and/or headaches.
- Blepharitis
A common condition causing redness, swelling, and irritation of the eyelids.
- Anterior uveitis
Inflammation of the iris (the colored part of the eye), which may be accompanied by eye pain, light sensitivity, and/or vision problems.
- Corneal ulcers
A corneal ulcer can cause redness, light sensitivity, and the feeling of something in the eye. If left untreated, severe cases can cause permanent vision loss.
- Glaucoma
Increased eye pressure causing redness, pain, nausea, halos around lights, and blurry vision. If untreated, glaucoma can lead to permanent vision loss.
- Eye injury
Redness and pain can be caused by particles, such as sand, getting in the eye.
- Dry eyes
Insufficient or poor-quality tears can cause discomfort, pain, and redness. This is usually treatable with eye drops.
- Hordeolum (stye)
Small, painful bumps that form on or inside the eyelid, which can cause the eye to become watery and red.
- Scleritis
An eye inflammation associated with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
- Alcohol and/or drug use
Alcohol and drugs can dilate the pupils, causing red, bloodshot eyes that may sometimes become chronic.
- Wearing contact lenses for too long or using old lenses
Wearing contact lenses for too long or using old lenses can cause red eyes due to reduced oxygen supply to the cornea and irritation of the eye surface. This can lead to dryness, discomfort, and even inflammation. Old or worn-out lenses may also accumulate protein deposits and bacteria, increasing the risk of infections. To prevent eye irritation and health issues, it is essential to replace lenses as recommended and maintain proper hygiene.
Complaints with Red Eyes
While redness is the most obvious symptom, it may not be the only complaint you have. Depending on the cause of your condition, you may experience other symptoms, such as:
- Pain
A painful red eye can range from mild discomfort to a severe burning sensation.
- Itching
The feeling that you need to scratch your eye or eyelid to relieve discomfort.
- Swelling
Your eyelid may feel swollen or tight, making it hard to open your eye and altering your vision.
- Gritty feeling
The sensation that something is in your eye, even if you can’t see it.
- Watery eyes
Excessive tear production, often caused by dryness, irritation, or blocked tear ducts.
- Headache
Red eyes with a headache can indicate other underlying conditions, such as eye strain or glaucoma.
How to treat red eyes
In many cases, red eyes will go away on their own within a few days without treatment. However, depending on the cause of the condition, there are various treatments available to help reduce symptoms. In severe cases of chronic or painful red eyes, further examination and treatment may be necessary.
Home remedies and self-care
- Eye drops
Eye drops can be used to provide moisture for dry eyes and soothe irritation. Several brands are available, so pay attention to the instructions for red, dry, or irritated eyes, depending on your condition.
- Cold compresses
Gently applying a cold compress to your eyelids can help reduce inflammation and redness, especially if you're dealing with allergies like hay fever, where your eyes may feel itchy.
- Allergy medication
If an allergic reaction is causing red eyes, taking antihistamines can help address the underlying allergy and relieve physical discomfort.
Medical treatment
- Prescribed medication
If over-the-counter options don’t seem to help or if the problem returns, your doctor may prescribe medication. This could include antimicrobial eye drops, steroid eye drops, or ointments.
Risk factors for red eyes
Contact your optician, doctor, or ophthalmologist immediately for advice if:
- You have a painful red eye
- You experience other symptoms, especially red eyes with headache, reduced vision, light sensitivity, or nausea
- You’ve recently injured your eye—especially if something has gotten in
- Your symptoms are worsening
How to prevent red eyes
It’s unlikely that you can fully prevent red eyes, as many factors can cause them. However, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk:
- Get enough sleep
Waking up with red eyes often? Fatigue can lead to dry, red eyes. Redness may be a sign you're not getting enough rest. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night.
- Take regular breaks from screens
If you find that staring at computer screens, TVs, or phones irritates your eyes, take regular breaks to rest your eyes.
- Drink enough water
Staying hydrated is as important for eye health as it is for your overall health. Dehydration can lead to reduced tear production and irritation, so make sure you stay hydrated throughout the day.
- Regular eye check-ups
Regular eye exams help identify eye strain and other issues that might irritate your eyes.
Conclusion
Red eyes are common and not unusual. In most cases, they are harmless and don’t require treatment. However, for some people, they may indicate other conditions such as conjunctivitis or anterior uveitis.
Overall, maintaining good eye and general health is usually enough to reduce the risk of red eyes. Regular eye health checks will ensure conditions are spotted early, so you can get advice and treatment for any issues found.
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